Electric current can be categorised as either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). The primary distinction between these two types of current lies in the direction in which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons flow in a consistent, unidirectional manner, whereas in AC, electrons switch between forward and backward directions. This article will explore the key differences between AC and DC in greater detail in the following sections.

What is an Alternating Current (AC)?

In alternating current, the direction of the electric charge flow alternates on a regular basis. Alternating current (AC) is the most commonly used and preferred type of electric power for household appliances, office equipment, and buildings. The first successful trial of this technology was conducted in 1832 by Michael Faraday using a dynamo electric generator.

Alternating current can be identified in a waveform called a sine wave. These waves represent electric cycles and are measured per second. AC is used in powerhouses and buildings because it can be transported easily. AC is used to power electric motors which are used in appliances.

What is Direct Current (DC)?

In contrast to alternating current, direct current does not undergo periodic changes in flow. The current flows in a single direction at a constant voltage. The primary application of DC is to provide power to electrical devices and to charge batteries. Examples of DC applications include mobile phone batteries, flashlights, flat-screen televisions and electric vehicles. DC has the combination of a plus and a minus sign, a dotted line or a straight line.

DC is used in a wide range of battery-powered devices that utilise AC adapters or USB cables for power. This includes cellphones, electric vehicles, flashlights and flat-screen TVs, where AC is converted into DC.

Difference between AC and DC

AC vs DC shows a big difference in electric current flow. AC (alternating current) can change its direction and its power. It is great for sending power far away. On the other hand, DC (direct current) has a constant power and goes in one way, like a waterfall.

When we think about ac dc voltage, DC has a steady power. It’s good for gadgets that need consistent power. But, AC power can change easily. This is good for moving it over big areas before it changes for use at home or work. So, ac dc conversion happens a lot in gadgets, where AC changes to DC for the gadget to work.

The best way to see the difference is by comparing them.The table below shows how AC and DC work differently. It helps us see how each is used daily：

An understanding of the differences between AC and DC is essential for appreciating how they are used in various applications. It demonstrates the importance of both AC and DC in electrical systems. It is essential that devices and new technology are supplied with both AC and DC voltage in order to function correctly.